What is the Smart Autism Called

Understanding Autism Spectrum

To understand what the term "smart autism" implies, it's crucial to first grasp the concept of the autism spectrum.

History of Autism Diagnoses

Autism, as a term and a diagnosis, has evolved over the years. Previously, different types of autism, such as autistic disorder, Asperger’s syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) were recognized as separate conditions.

Asperger's syndrome, named in 1944 by Viennese psychologist Hans Asperger, was officially classified as a separate disorder in 1994. It was often referred to as 'high-functioning autism' due to the individuals' ability to function at a higher intellectual and verbal level compared to those with classic autism [2].

Transition to Autism Spectrum Disorders

However, with the release of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5) in 2013, these separate conditions were collectively categorized under the broad term "Autism Spectrum Disorders" (ASD). This meant the retirement of Asperger's syndrome as a standalone diagnosis.

Persons who had previously been diagnosed with Asperger's are now identified under the Level 1 autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Despite this, some individuals who received the Asperger's diagnosis before 2013 still use the term and consider it a significant part of their identity, while others prefer to refer to themselves as autistic. Both terms are accepted, and the choice between them is personal.

This transition to the autism spectrum has allowed for a more nuanced understanding of autism, acknowledging that it is not a one-size-fits-all condition, but rather a spectrum with a wide range of manifestations and degrees of severity. This has been of particular importance in recognizing and acknowledging the potential for exceptional abilities or "smart autism" in individuals on the spectrum.

The Concept of High-Functioning Autism

Delving into the realm of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), a noteworthy term that comes up is 'high-functioning autism.' Although it's not an official medical term, it is frequently used to describe certain individuals within the autism spectrum.

Characteristics of High-Functioning Autism

High-functioning autism, though not a diagnosable medical condition, is used to categorize individuals on the autism spectrum who do not exhibit intellectual or language disabilities. These individuals can read, write, handle basic life skills, and live independently. They are also capable of verbal language communication. However, they may face challenges with social interactions and display restrictive and repetitive behaviors, which are common signs of autism spectrum disorders.

While there is no specific set of symptoms listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to identify high-functioning autism, the severity of the symptoms expressed by an individual can be a determining factor. All individuals on the autism spectrum experience symptoms within the three diagnostic categories for autism spectrum disorder [4].

Formerly Known as Asperger's Syndrome

Before all autism-related conditions were grouped as ASD in 2013, high-functioning autism was often referred to as Asperger's syndrome. This term was first coined in 1944 by Viennese psychologist Hans Asperger, who observed children in his practice who had normal intelligence and language development, but who also exhibited autistic-like behavior and difficulties with social and communication skills. The term Asperger's syndrome was officially classified as a separate disorder in 1994 [2].

Though the term Asperger's syndrome is no longer used in clinical settings, it still commonly appears in informal contexts. Today, individuals who would have formerly been diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome are now recognized as having high-functioning autism. Both terms refer to individuals on the autism spectrum who can function relatively independently in their daily lives, but who also face challenges related to social interaction and communication.

Exceptional Abilities in Autism

While Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often presents challenges in areas of communication, social interaction, and behavior, it is not uncommon for individuals with autism to possess remarkable abilities and talents. This phenomenon, often referred to as "smart autism," has been recognized in several individuals throughout history and continues to intrigue scientists and researchers today.

Autistic Savants

An autistic savant is an individual with autism who demonstrates nearly super-human abilities in specific areas, despite facing challenges such as rigid routines. According to Golden Care Therapy, nearly 30% of individuals with ASD possess an outstanding skill or talent in a specific area, such as exceptional memory, advanced problem-solving skills, or artistic talents.

This term is used to describe individuals with autism who exhibit exceptional skills and talents. One of the most famous cases was that of Kim Peek, who inspired the character Raymond from the movie "Rain Man." Peek's abilities, including an extraordinary memory and the capacity to read two pages of a book simultaneously, were remarkable examples of the exceptional abilities that can be present in individuals with autism.

Notable Individuals with Autism

History is filled with individuals who exhibited characteristics of autism and went on to make significant contributions to their respective fields. These individuals, often referred to as geniuses with autism, excelled in various fields such as technology, physics, biology, art, and music, despite facing challenges related to communication, social interaction, and adherence to routines commonly associated with autism.

Here's a list of some notable individuals believed to have autism:

Name	Field
Elon Musk	Technology
Albert Einstein	Physics
Isaac Newton	Physics
Charles Darwin	Biology
Nikola Tesla	Physics/Electrical Engineering
Amadeus Mozart	Music

These individuals, whether diagnosed or believed to have autism, have made significant contributions to their respective fields, underscoring the potential that lies within individuals on the autism spectrum.

It's important to note that while these exceptional abilities can be found in individuals with autism, they do not define the condition. Autism is a wide-ranging spectrum, and each person with autism has their own unique strengths and challenges. With the right support and understanding, individuals with autism can reach their full potential and make significant contributions in their own unique ways.

Intelligence in Autism

One of the common misconceptions about autism is the belief that it is inherently linked to intellectual disability. Yet, research has found that a considerable number of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) exhibit exceptional intellectual abilities. This article shines a light on the cognitive abilities associated with autism and the success of individuals with ASD in STEM fields.

Cognitive Abilities in Autism

Contrary to common belief, nearly 30% of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) possess an outstanding skill or talent in a specific area. These areas can range from exceptional memory and advanced problem-solving skills to artistic talents.

Autism often comes with heightened visual perception, making children with autism excellent visual learners. They can understand and remember information presented visually better than most, leading to superior performance in certain subjects. In addition to this, autism can provide a different perspective on the world, allowing children with autism to see things in ways that others might not. This unique viewpoint can lead to innovative solutions and creative ideas, further enhancing their intellectual capabilities.

Success in STEM Fields

Studies have shown a significant predilection towards STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) fields among individuals with ASD. Young adults with ASD are more likely to choose STEM majors compared to those without ASD, and children with ASD and average IQ levels tend to exhibit higher success levels in mathematics.

However, individuals with high-functioning autism often face barriers in job interviews due to challenges in social skills, communication, and managing behaviors and reactions. Despite these hurdles, many individuals with ASD thrive in their careers once given the opportunity. They excel in technical careers that require fewer interpersonal interactions, a testament to their unique cognitive abilities and the potential for success in STEM fields [2].

In conclusion, the intelligence in autism, often referred to as "smart autism," is not an anomaly but rather a testament to the diverse cognitive abilities that individuals with ASD can possess. It underscores the importance of providing adequate support and opportunities to individuals with ASD, enabling them to reach their full potential.

Challenges and Opportunities

When exploring the question, 'what is the smart autism called,' it's essential to consider the challenges and opportunities that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including those with high-functioning autism, face in their professional lives.

Employment Rates for Adults with Autism

Despite the often remarkable abilities of individuals with high-functioning autism, they encounter significant hurdles in the job market. According to WebMD and Forbes, the unemployment rates for adults with ASD were at 85% in 2021. This alarming statistic underscores the social, communicative, and behavioral challenges that individuals with autism-related conditions face when seeking employment.

While these individuals possess valuable skills and unique perspectives, they often encounter barriers during job interviews due to difficulties in social skills, communication, and managing behaviors and reactions.

Career Success Stories

Despite these challenges, many individuals with ASD thrive in their careers once given the opportunity, particularly in roles that require fewer interpersonal interactions. For example, individuals with high-functioning autism may excel in careers that do not heavily rely on communication or social skills, such as technical fields.

One notable success story is that of Temple Grandin, who has ASD. Despite the challenges associated with her condition, Grandin has had a successful career designing livestock management systems. Her achievements demonstrate the potential for individuals with ASD to excel in various professions, even those that might not traditionally be associated with high-functioning autism.

While high-functioning autism is not an official medical term, it is sometimes used to describe individuals on the autism spectrum who do not have intellectual or language disabilities but do face challenges with social interactions and exhibit restrictive and repetitive behaviors.

These success stories underscore the potential for individuals with high-functioning autism to contribute significantly to various fields, provided they are given the necessary support and opportunities. Hence, it's crucial to continue advocating for more inclusive hiring practices to ensure these individuals can demonstrate their unique abilities and make meaningful contributions to their chosen professions.

Diagnosis and Evaluation

The road towards understanding autism and identifying it in individuals involves a comprehensive process, often involving multiple healthcare professionals. The perceived intelligence of a person with autism, often referred to colloquially as 'smart autism,' does not affect the diagnostic process.

Identifying Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism is typically diagnosed by trained clinicians who evaluate a person's developmental history and behavior. Signs of autism can appear as early as age 2, but diagnosis may not occur until later in childhood or adulthood. Pediatricians often identify potential signs of autism in children during well-child visits, but a formal evaluation by an autism specialist is typically required for a diagnosis [4].

'High-functioning autism' is an informal term used for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who can speak, read, write, and handle basic life skills. They can live independently. The term is not a diagnosable medical condition, and there is no set of symptoms listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to identify it. Instead, the severity of the symptoms expressed by an individual can be considered. All individuals on the autism spectrum experience symptoms within the three diagnostic categories for autism spectrum disorder [4].

Diagnostic Process and Clinicians

The diagnostic process for autism is comprehensive and involves an in-depth evaluation of the individual's behaviors and abilities. Clinicians, including psychologists and psychiatrists, use a variety of assessment tools to evaluate social communication skills, restricted and repetitive behaviors, and other key indicators of autism.

The process often involves multiple visits and assessments, and clinicians may also seek input from caregivers and teachers to better understand the individual's behaviors across different settings. Once a diagnosis is made, the clinician will typically provide recommendations for treatment and intervention based on the individual's needs and strengths.

It's essential to note that the term 'smart autism,' often used to describe high-functioning autism or formerly Asperger's syndrome, is not a formal diagnosis. Instead, it's a colloquial term often used to describe individuals with autism who demonstrate certain cognitive strengths. However, all individuals with autism, regardless of their intellectual abilities, deserve recognition and support to reach their full potential.